This comprehensive guide updates the 2005 safety guide, providing recommendations for designing and implementing monitoring programs to verify the level of protection for the public and the environment across planned, emergency and existing exposure situations. Intended for governments, regulatory bodies, operating organizations and other interested parties, this publication provides essential guidance on establishing responsibilities for monitoring under the national regulatory frameworks, designing and implementing monitoring programmes and strategies, and interpreting and reporting monitoring results. It offers practical insights and structured approaches to support effective assessment, management and control of public and environmental radiation exposures through the establishment of national monitoring infrastructures.