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Celebrating 20 Years of a Legal Milestone in Nuclear Security

Director General Rafael Mariano Grossi alongside the speakers at the side event. (Photo: D. Calma/IAEA)

During the IAEA’s recent General Conference, countries came together to celebrate 20 years of global cooperation to strengthen nuclear security. The side event marked the anniversary of the adoption of two landmark legal instruments — the Amendment to the Convention on the Physical Protection of Nuclear Material and the International Convention for the Suppression of Acts of Nuclear Terrorism. 

Jointly organized by the IAEA, the Kingdom of Morocco, the United Nations Office of Counter-Terrorism and the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC), the event reflected on progress made over the past two decades and reaffirmed international commitment to preventing nuclear terrorism and other criminal acts involving nuclear and other radioactive material.

Other speakers were Mauro Miedico, Director of the United Nations Counter-Terrorism Centre, UNOCT; HE Mr Gustavo Rodolfo Zlauvinen, Resident Representative of the Argentine Republic to the IAEA; HE Ms Alison Grant, Resident Representative of Canada to the IAEA; HE Mr Tsengeg Mijiddorj, Resident Representative of Mongolia to the IAEA; HE Mr Juan Francisco Facetti, Resident Representative of the Republic of Paraguay to the IAEA; HE Mr Matteo Fachinotti, Resident Representative of the Swiss Confederation to the IAEA; and HE Mr Carl Hallerg?rd, Permanent Representative of the Delegation of the European Union to the IAEA.

Ambassador Azzeddine Farhane opened the side event by reaffirming global commitment to preventing nuclear terrorism and strengthening international cooperation. (Photo: IAEA)

Opening the side event, Ambassador Azzeddine Farhane, Resident Representative of  Morocco to the IAEA, said: “The adoption of these key legal instruments in 2005 represented a decisive step forward in our collective efforts to prevent nuclear terrorism and strengthen international cooperation. Now, twenty years later, we reaffirm our commitment to these goals and reflect on the progress made—and the work that still lies ahead.”

The Amendment to the Convention on the Physical Protection of Nuclear Material (CPPNM), adopted under IAEA auspices, significantly strengthens the original CPPNM in a number of important ways. It extends the scope of the original treaty to cover physical protection of nuclear facilities and nuclear material used for peaceful purposes in domestic use, storage and transport; it further criminalizes offences related to illicit trafficking and sabotage of nuclear material or nuclear facilities; and it provides for strengthened international cooperation. 

The International Convention for the Suppression of Acts of Nuclear Terrorism (ICSANT), adopted under the auspices of the United Nations, covers all radioactive material, including nuclear material, and requires States Parties to criminalize the unlawful and intentional possession and use of radioactive material or radioactive devices, as well as the unlawful use of or damage to nuclear facilities. 

IAEA Director General Rafael Mariano Grossi highlighted the importance of a strong legal framework to protect nuclear materials and enhance global security. (Photo: D. Calma/IAEA)

In his introductory remarks, IAEA Director General Rafael Mariano Grossi said: “Twenty years ago, the international community came together in recognition of a pressing need — the need to enhance and reinforce the legal framework that protects nuclear material and facilities and seeks to ensure that non-State actors do not misuse such materials to cause harm. In a world where the peaceful use of nuclear energy is expanding, and where the risks posed by malicious actors are ever-present, universalisation of these instruments would provide an important legal foundation to strength national, regional and global security.” 

Ghada Waly, Executive Director of UNODC, emphasized the enduring importance of the global legal framework in preventing the misuse of nuclear materials and called for universal adherence to key instruments. (Photo: D. Calma/IAEA)

Ghada Waly, Executive Director of UNODC, said: “The adoption of these instruments two decades ago was truly pivotal. Today, with conflict and instability raging in many regions, the risk of such materials falling into the wrong hands or being misused is greater than ever before. That is why our global legal framework matters so much, and why the adoption of these instruments was so important. We must build on the momentum of this anniversary as we continue to push for universal adherence to ICSANT and the CPPNM Amendment.” 

Other speakers emphasized the enduring relevance of these legal instruments in light of evolving threats and underscored the importance of international cooperation in strengthening nuclear security. 

The Amendment to the CPPNM entered into force in 2016, and currently of the 165 Parties to the original Convention, 138 have joined the Amendment. ICSANT entered into force in 2007 and currently has 127 Parties. 

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