Nuclear energy is considered a key low carbon technology for achieving ambitious and urgent climate change mitigation. Following adoption of the Paris Agreement, the IAEA initiated a coordinated research project (CRP) to support Member States assess the potential role of nuclear energy in their national climate and energy strategies. This publication presents the findings of the CRP, which brought together research teams from twelve countries facing a range of energy, development and climate challenges, and summarizes their methodological approaches, analytical results and policy insights. The publication demonstrates a wide array of possibilities to undertake rigorous quantitative analyses and provide scientific advice to policy makers on the linkages between nuclear energy and climate change. It is expected that the methods and results presented here will also encourage additional in-depth studies on this topic.