The correct identification of endemic fruit fly pests is fundamental for the design of effective integrated pest management programmes including those that apply the sterile insect technique (SIT). Also, for the enforcement of emergency action plans when incursions of fruit fly quarantine species occur in an area. This manual is aimed at offering National Plant protection Organizations (NPPOs) with a harmonized guide that can support them in the continues battle against fruit fly pests affecting food security and safety in the countries (manual only available in Spanish).