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Scientists studied the migration of six butterflies with isotopes

??? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ?? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ???: ??????? ??? ????? ????????? (Libytheana carinenta)? ???????? ??????? (Danaus gilippus)? ?????? ??????? ?????? (Phoebis sennae)? ?????? ??????????? ?????? (Asterocampa leilia)? ?????? ????????? ???????? (Euptoieta claudia)? ?????? ??? ????? ???????? (southern dogface) (Zerene cesonia).

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???? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ?? ???????? ??? ?? ??? ??????. ??? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ???? Diversity? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ?? ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ???????? ??????? ????????? ??? ???????. ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ???????. ????????? ??? ??? ???????? ???????? ???? ??????? ??? ??????????? ?????? ??? ??????? ????? ??????.

???? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????????? ???????? ?????? ??????? "????? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ??????????? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ??????. ???? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ??? ???????? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ??? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ???. ?"?? ???? ????? ????? ??? ??????? ????????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??????? ???????? ????????."

????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ???? ????? ??????????? — ??? ???? ???? ?? ????? ?????????? — ?? ???? ???????? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ????????. ???? ?? ???? ??????? ???????? ?? ??????????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ??? ???????? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ?? ??????????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ???????? ?????? ???? ????? ????????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ??????????? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ??????. ???????? ??????? ???? ????? ??????????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???????? ???? ??????????? ???????? ???? ???? ???? ??????.

??? ??? ??? ?????? ???????? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ??????? ????? ??? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? (Danaus plexippus)? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?? ????????? ????????.

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???? ??????? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ???????? ??????? ????????? ?? ?? ???? ???? ??? ???????. ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?? ????????? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ??????.

??????? ??????? ?????: ????? Libytheana carinenta? ?????? Euptoieta claudia? ?????? Danaus gilippus? ?????? Zerene cesonia. ???? ???? ??????? ?? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ???????.

????? ??????? ??? ?? ??????? ??? ????? ????????? (Libytheana carinenta) ???? ???? ???? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ??? "?????? ?????????". ????? ??? ??? ???????? ??? ???????? ??? ????? ????????? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ???????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ?? ???? ???????? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ???????? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ?????.

??? ????? ????? ???? ??? ??????? ??????? (Danaus gilippus) ????? ????? "?????? ???????" ???? ??? ??????. ????? ??? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ???? ??? ?? ??????? ???????? ?? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ?????. ??? ???? ??????? ??? ??????? ????????? ?? ??????? ???????? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ??????? ????????? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ??? "???? ????????" ???????? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ?? ??????.

??????? ??? ????? ????? ??? ????? ??? ????? ???????? (southern dogface) (Zerene cesonia) ???? ?????? "???????"? ??? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ????? ???????.

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???? ????? ?????? ???? ???????? ????? ??? ??????? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ???????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ????? ????? ??? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ???????. ??? ???? ??????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????/?????? ??? ????? ??????/?????? 2019. ????? ????? ???? ??????? ??? ??????? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ??????????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???????? ????????? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ???????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ???????.

???? ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ???????? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? "???? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ????????? ???????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ????????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ???????? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ???????."

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